001 Contract 合約
abide by [əˋbaɪd] (v) tocomply with; to conform 遵守，依從
A. The two parties agreed to abide by the judge’s decision.
雙方同意遵守法官的決定。
B. For years he has abided by a commitment to annual employee raises.
多年來他一直恪守每年幫員工加薪的承諾。
1. obey / Abide by的差別obey = 主要用在rule/law/policy等等abide by = 可用的範圍較廣，例如一群人有不同意見，最後取得共識，便可以稱abide by the decision
agreement [əˋgrimənt] (n) amutual arrangement, a contract 同意，協訂
A. The landlord and tenantwere in agreement that the rent should be prorated to the middle of the month.
房東與租客說好這個月的房租從月中開始算。
B. According to the agreement,the carter will also supply the flowers for the event.
根據合約，運貨人會提供活動所需要的花。
1. landlord /tenant = 房東 / 房客
2. be proratedto... = pro–rate，按比例計算的意思有些合約上會寫 on pro–rata basis 也是指按比例分配的意思
3. carter = 運貨的人，卡車司機
詞組
• 動 – agree 持相同意見；贊成，贊同
(If both parties agree to theterms, we can finalized the contract.)
• 名 – agreement 協議，協定；和約
(As soon as the labor agreement was signed,the factory resumed production of new cars and vans.)
• 形 – agreeable 欣然贊同的；準備同意的
(The parties are agreeable to theterms.)
assurance [əˋʃʊrəns] (n) a guarantee; confidence 保證，自信
A. We should not begin the work without the assurance of a signed contract.
我們不該在在沒有簽約的保證下就開始工作。
B. He spoke with assurance about the skills of his contract lawyer.
他對於他的律師的能力很有把握。
1. speak with assurance = 很有把握，胸有成竹
2. assurance/guarantee的差別
assurance = 口頭上的保證（以消除疑慮，但不一定能夠做到）
guarantee = 實質上的保障（一定能夠做到，沒做到會有補償）
※ Insure vs. Ensure vs. Assure
先來說 insure，嚴格地來說，insure 應該要把它作為一個金融業的用字，也就是『保險』。insurance 為「保險」的名詞，而它的動詞就是 insure。除此之外，它不應該有其他的意義。
Insure (+人/物.): 1. 為…投保(以投保人立場) 2. 給予保險(以保險公司立場)
例句：You should insure yourself before you travel abroad.
中譯：在出國旅遊前，你應該為自己投保(保險)。
例句：I have found a company that will insure my car.
中譯：我找到一家可以為我的車子保險的公司。
Ensure 跟 Insure 發音相同，但在意義上卻不一樣！
Ensure (that): 確保(意義接近 make sure)
例句：Regular maintenance on your car ensures the safety of your daily commute.
中譯：定期保養你的汽車確保了你每天開車上下班的安全。
Assure (+人): 向…(人)保證、(意義接近 guarantee)
例句：The doctor assured me that my wife’s injury would be fine soon.
中譯：醫生向我保證我太太的傷勢很快就會好轉。
Insure, Ensure, Assure 一起使用看看：
I assure you that I have ensured that he insured thehouse for fifty million dollars against theft.
我向你保證我已經確保他幫房子投保了五千萬的竊盜險。
Reassure (+人): 使…(人)安心、消除疑慮；再次保證
A. The doctor’s excellent track record in heart operation reassures the anxious patient.
醫生優良的心臟手術記錄讓焦慮的病人安心。
B. The doctor reassured my wife that the medicinewouldn't have any side effects.
醫生再次向我太太保證這個藥絕對沒有副作用。
Exercise:
1. I (insure/ensure/assure) you that we will be on time.
2. We need to (insure/ensure/assure) that she keeps herpromise.
3. Ben (insured/ensured/assured) his car and his boatthrough the same company.
4. I can (insure/ensure/assure) you that the menu atthat Thai restaurant will not disappoint you.
5. Joseph camped outside the Apple store to(insure/ensure/assure) that he will get the latest iPad.
6. It is wise to (insure/ensure/assure) your propertyagainst flood damage
ANS: 1. assure, 2. ensure, 3. insured, 4. assure, 5.ensure, 6. insure
詞組：
• 動 – assure 確定地對…說，向…保證，使確信；讓…放心
(I assure you that the contract was reviewed by ourlawyer.)
• 名 –assurance 保證
(What assurance is there that the company will stay in business during thelife of the contract?)
• 副 –assuredly 自信地
(He spoke assuredly about the terms of thecontract.)
cancellation [͵kæns!ˋeʃən] (n)annulment; stopping 取消
A. Work on the project had to stop because of the cancellation of thecontract.
由於合約的取消使得該專案的工作必須停止。
B. The cancellation clause appears at the back of the contract.
解約條款在合約的後面。
1. annulment = 廢止，無效聲明
2. cancellationclause = 解約條款
詞組：
• 動 – cancel取消；終止；撤銷
(We can canceled the contract, butthat will cause a number of problems.)
• 名 –cancellation取消；撤銷；使作廢
(A cancellation fee is usually included in awriter’s contract in case the article isn’t published.)
• 形 –canceled 取消；終止；撤銷
(The canceled contract ended upcosting our company a good deal of money.)
determine [dɪˋtɝmɪn] (v) to find out; to influence 查明，影響，決定
A. After reading the contract,I was still unable to determine if our company was liable for back wages.
讀完合約後，我還是不清楚我們公司是否有義務負責欠發的薪資。
B. The skill of the unionbargainers will determine whether the automotive plant will open next week.
工會談判代表的技巧，將決定下週汽車工廠是否會開工。
1. be liable for N = 有責任、有義務的
be liable to V
在口語上也有 可能... 的意思，例如 This article is liable togive offence to many people.(這篇文章很可能觸犯許多人。)
此外還有 易於... 的意思，例如He's liable to get angry.(他很容易生氣)
2. back wages = 欠薪，該付卻沒付的薪水
3. union = 在這邊應該是工會的意思
4. automotive = 是automobile的形容詞，automobile是汽車，包含car、bus、truck、jeep等等。
engage [ɪnˋgedʒ] (v) participate; involve 參加，捲入
A. Before engaging in a newbusiness, it is important to do through research.
再加入一間新公司前，先作好徹底調查是很重要的。
B. He engaged us in afascinating discussion about current business law.
他把我們拉進一場關於公司法的精彩討論。
1. engage/participate/join/take part的差別
engage in 比較像是花時間作某事，可以獨自作，也可以跟群體一起。
participate 跟 take part 比較常用在活動，且participate的場合比較正式，take part則比較口語，像平常的小活動
join則是常用在參加群體，例如 join the Army
attend則是常接 party、meeting、conference，有"出席"的意味在。
2. through research = 徹底的調查
establish [əˋstæblɪʃ ] (v) to institute permanently; to bring about 建立，招致
A. When this companyestablished, the owners signed contracts with all their employees.
這家公司成立時老闆跟所有的員工都簽了約。
B. The contract established arelationship between the company and the service provider.合約確立了公司跟服務提供者之間的關係。
obligate [ˋɑblə͵get] (v) to bind legally or morally 負有責任或義務
A. The contractor wasobligated by the contract to work 40 hours a week.
按照合約，承包商有義務每週工作40小時。
B. I felt obligated to finishthe project even though I could have exercised my option to quit.雖然我可以選擇離開，但我還是覺得有義務完成這個專案。
1. morally =道德上地
詞組：
• 動 – obligate 負有責任或義務
(The terms of the contractobligate us to work for at least one more month.)
• 名 – obligation義務；責任；職責
(According to the contract, the company has the obligation to provide childcare for employees’ families.)
• 形 – obligatory必須履行的，強制性的，有義務的
(Agreeing to the terms ofthe contract is obligatory if you want to work here.)
party [ˋpɑrtɪ] (n) aperson or group participating in an action or plan; the persons or sidesconcerned in a legal matter 參與者，當事人
A. The parties agreed to asettlement in their contract dispute.
雙方同意他們的合約糾紛達成和解。
B. The party that prepares thecontract has a distinct advantage.
準備合約的一方，擁有明顯的優勢。
1. agree 的用法：
agree TO 事 = 同意
agree WITH 人 = 同意、適合(The climate there doesn't agree with her)
agree ON 事 = 達成共識
provision [prəˋvɪʒən] (n) a measure taken beforehand; a stipulation 準備，條款，供應
A. Carefully read all theprovisions of the contract before signing it.
在簽署合約前要子細閱讀合約的所有條款。
B. The contract contains aprovision to deal with how payments are made if John loses his job.
合約涵蓋了如果John失去工作，薪資要怎麼計算的條款。
1. stipulation = 規定
stipulation 跟provision的差別：比起provision，stipulation有"一定要"的意味。比如說，He's will had astipulation that $10,000 of his money should be given to charity.跟He's will had a provision that $10,000 of his moneyshould be given to charity.相比，前者stipulation強調"一定要給"，後者用provision則強調"想給"
詞組：
• 動 – provide 提供，供給
(Since the machine is very reliable, why don’t we cancel the servicecontract the provided?)
• 名 – provider 提供者
(We must negotiate a newcontract with our Internet service provider.)
• 名 – provision 規定；條款
(The provision forcanceling the contract is in the last clause.)
resolve [rɪˋzɑlv] (v) to deal with successfully; to declare; 解決，決定
resolve [rɪˋzɑlv] (n)conviction決心
A. The mediator was able toresolve the problem to everyone’s satisfaction.
調解人有能力解決問題，讓所有人都滿意。
B. The businessman resolved toclean out all the files by the end of the week.
商人決定在一週結束前，清除掉所有資料檔。
1. to one's satisfaction = 讓...滿意
2. by the end of week = 在禮拜天晚上12:00之前
by the end of weekend = 在禮拜五晚上12:00以前
at the end of week = 在禮拜天開始作
specific [spɪˋsɪfɪk] (adj) particular 具體的，特別的
A. The customer’s specificcomplaint was not addressed in his e–mail.
他的信中並沒有提到顧客的具體抱怨。
B. In a contract, on specificword can change the meaning dramatically.
在合約中，只要一個字改變，可以讓整個意思都改變。
1. specific 跟 particular的差別：以一個句子為例，He's very particular about the style of shoes hewears.跟He's veryspecific about the style of shoes he wears. 前一遇用particular，表示他雖然比較喜歡那種鞋子，還是有可能穿別種樣式的；但用specific時，他就只穿單一樣式。兩者與感還是有些許差異。
詞組：
• 動 –specify 具體說明；明確指出
(The contract specifies anannual salary raise.)
• 名 – specification 規格；規範；標準；明細單；詳細說
(The work was doneaccording to the specifications of the contract.
• 形 – specific具體的，特別的
(There is no specific partof the contract that prevents us from hiring extra help.)
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